Changes in Blood Hematocrit After 2 Month Acclimatization to High Altitude

Changes in Blood Hemoglobin After 2 Month Acclimatization to High Altitude

1. What are the average hematocrit values (%) at low altitude and then after the subject trained at high altitude for 2 months?
2. Did average hematocrit increase, decrease, or not change after training at high altitude for 2 months?
3. What are the average hemoglobin values (g/100 ml) at low altitude and then after the subject trained at high altitude for 2 months?

1. What is the blood type of the mother, father, and child in Family 1?
2. What is the blood type of the mother, father, and child in Family 2?
3. What is the blood type of the mother, father, and child in Family 3?

1. Do you think erythropoietin levels in athletes at low altitude are lower, higher, or the same after training at a high altitude for 2 months? Explain your answer.
2. Calculate the average ml of oxygen molecules in 100 ml blood in the athletes at low altitude and then in athletes in high altitude while training at high altitude. Use the following information: 1.39 ml of oxygen per gram of hemoglobin.
3. Do athletes training at high altitudes have more or less oxygen molecules per ml of blood then athletes training at low altitudes? Explain why this difference gives athletes who train at high altitudes an advantage over athletes who train only at low altitudes.
4. In family 1, can the mother or father donate blood to their child? Explain your answer.
5. In family 2, can the mother or father donate blood to their child? Explain your answer.
6. In family 3, can the mother or father donate blood to their child? Explain your answer.
7. What would happen if someone did not receive a compatible blood type during a blood transfusion? (Hint: Reaction between antigens and antibodies when blood typing.)

8. In one or 2 sentences, state how hematocrit and hemoglobin levels change with altitude.
9. In one or 2 sentences, state why it is important to match blood type when giving blood transfusion.

1. Blood doping (using injected substances to artificially enhance performance) is illegal in many sports. Two substances used are erythropoietin and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). One of the actions of HIF is to increase formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Explain how administering erythropoietin can increase performance and how HIF can increase performance through angiogenesis.
2. Myoglobin levels are higher in Tibetans and other ethnic groups that live at high altitudes. Explain the benefit of higher myoglobin levels for individuals living at high altitudes.
3. An Rh- mother is given Rh immune globulin during her pregnancy. Rh immune globulin prevents formation of antibodies to Rh antigens. Explain why this is done.