Laboratory Report

Activity:

Respiratory Volumes

Date:

current date

Predictions

Materials and Methods

  1. Which respiratory volume was calculated?
  2. What was the purpose of the nose clip?

Results

Breathing Rate and Lung Volumes
  Resting Values Exercising Values
Breathing Rate TV(L) ERV(L) IRV(L) RV(L) Breathing Rate TV(L) ERV(L) IRV(L) RV(L)
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Average
Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Volumes and Breathing Rate
  1. Did the breathing rate increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
  2. Did the tidal volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
  3. Did the expiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
  4. Did the inspiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
  5. Did the inspiratory capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
  6. Did the functional residual capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
  7. Did the minute ventilation increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation
  Resting Values Exercising Values
IC(L) FRC(L) VC(L) TLC(L) Minute Ventilation (L) IC(L) FRC(L) VC(L) TLC(L) Minute Ventilation (L)
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Average
Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation

Discussion

Lung Volumes and Capacities
Diagram of lung volumes and capacities in milliliters. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is 6,000 mL, made up of Vital Capacity (VC) 4,000 mL and Residual Volume (RV) 1,200 mL. Vital capacity breaks down into Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) 3,100 mL, Tidal Volume (TV) 500 mL, and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) 1,200 mL. Inspiratory Capacity (IC), 3,600 mL, combines IRV and TV; Functional Residual Capacity (FRC), 2,400 mL, combines ERV and RV.
  1. Explain the change in ERV with exercise.
  2. Explain the change in IRV with exercise.
  3. Explain the change in IC with exercise.
  4. Explain the change in FRC with exercise.
  5. Explain why RV does not change with exercise.
  6. Explain why VC does not change with exercise.
  7. Explain why TLC does not change with exercise.
  8. During exercise, the depth of respiration increases. Name the muscles involved in increasing the depth of respiration and explain how muscle contraction causes this increase.
  9. Explain the importance of the change in minute ventilation with exercise.
  10. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment.

Application

  1. During strenuous exercise, TV plateaus at about 60% of VC but minute ventilation continues to increase. Explain how that would occur.
  2. Emphysema causes alveolar dilation and destruction of alveolar walls which causes an increase in residual volume with air that cannot be exhaled. Assuming that an individual's TLC does not change, explain why a person with developing emphysema is not short of breath while resting, but becomes short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs.
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